by Daniel Kittell | Accounting News, IRS, News, Newsletter, Tax, Tax Planning, Tax Planning - Individual
Inheriting an IRA might feel like a financial win, but the rules today are different than they were just a few years ago. If you’re not up to date, an unexpected tax bill could catch you off guard. Here’s what changed, and how to plan around it.
Changes Made by the SECURE Act
The SECURE Act of 2019 eliminated the “stretch IRA,” which allowed inherited funds to grow tax-deferred for decades while keeping annual withdrawals relatively low. Now, many non-spousal heirs must withdraw the entire inherited IRA within 10 years of the original owner’s death.
This is the 10-year rule, and it can be a tax trap for non-spouse beneficiaries.
If the IRA is traditional, any withdrawals are taxed as ordinary income. If you wait and withdraw everything in year 10, it could push you into a much higher tax bracket.
Who Gets a Pass from the 10-Year Rule?
Not everyone is subject to the 10-year rule. The IRS created a category called “eligible designated beneficiaries.” Beneficiaries in this category can still stretch distributions over their life expectancy. They include:
- A surviving spouse
- A minor child of the deceased IRA owner (until reaching adulthood)
- A disabled beneficiary
- A chronically ill beneficiary
- A beneficiary who is no more than 10 years younger than the original owner
A surviving spouse has the most flexibility. They can roll the inherited IRA into their own IRA and treat it as their own account, which allows them to follow standard RMD rules based on their age.
Minor children who inherit an IRA can take RMDs based on their life expectancy until they reach age 21. After that, the 10-year rule kicks in.
Why the 10-Year Rule Can Be a Problem
The 10-year rule can be problematic for tax purposes. If you inherit an IRA with significant funds and you’re forced to withdraw it within 10 years, those withdrawals could push you into a higher tax bracket. And that, of course, means paying more to the IRS than necessary.
It’s important to note that the 10-year rule enacted in the SECURE Act only applies to IRAs inherited in 2020 and beyond. If you inherited an IRA before 2020, you’re still covered under the old rules.
How to Avoid the Tax Trap
The key is in planning. Don’t wait until the ninth year to make withdrawals. Instead:
- Spread withdrawals over the 10-year period to manage your tax bracket.
- If possible or applicable, coordinate distributions with lower-income years.
- Work with a tax advisor to help you work through different withdrawal strategies.
Here’s the bottom line: the SECURE Act changed the rules for inherited IRAs, and without careful planning, the 10-year requirement can create significant tax bills for beneficiaries. Be prepared, understand the timing, and work with a tax professional to reduce the impact.
by Daniel Kittell | Accounting News, News, Retirement, Retirement Savings, Uncategorized
While the purpose of a retirement account is to fund your lifestyle in your golden years, certain situations in life might necessitate dipping into those funds early. Typically, withdrawing from an IRA before age 59 ½ will trigger a 10% early withdrawal penalty. However, there are some key milestones where that penalty is waived. Here’s when you can avoid the IRA early withdrawal penalty.
Medical Expenses
IRA funds can be used to cover unreimbursed medical expenses that exceed 7.5% of your adjusted gross incomes. For example, if your AGI is $80,000 in 2023, you can use a withdrawal to cover unreimbursed medical expenses this year over $6,000. You don’t need to itemize your taxes to take advantage of this exception to the early withdrawal penalty.
Health Insurance
If you are unemployed and have received unemployment compensation via a federal or state program for at least 12 consecutive weeks, you may be able to take IRA distributions without penalty in order to cover health insurance premiums for you, your spouse, and any dependents. The withdrawal must be made in the same year that you received unemployment, or the next year. You must also take the withdrawal within 60 days of being re-employed.
Costs for Higher Education
Penalty-free IRA distributions may be used to pay for some higher education costs for you, your spouse, your children, and grandchildren. Eligible costs include tuition, fees, books, supplies, equipment required for a student’s enrollment, and expenses for certain special-needs services. For students who attend school at least half-time, room and board may also qualify. Keep in mind that IRA withdrawals are considered taxable income and could lower the student’s qualification for financial aid.
Home Purchase
If you are funding a first home purchase with funds from an IRA, the withdrawal may be penalty-free. This doesn’t mean that you need to be a first-time home buyer. The IRS broadly defines a first-time buyer as someone who hasn’t owned a home in the last two years. If you fall into this category, you can withdrawal up to $10,000 ($20,000 for couples) without penalty. If the purchase or building of the home falls through, you have 120 days from the date of distribution to put the money back in your IRA in order to avoid the penalty.
Birth or Adoption of a Child
Parents are eligible to take a penalty-free IRA distribution of up to $5,000 following the birth or adoption of their child. The withdrawal must be made within one year of a child’s birth or legal adoption date.
Disability
Disabled retirement savers under age 59 ½ who are “totally and permanently disabled” aren’t obligated to pay the IRA tax penalty. In order to qualify, per the IRS, one must be unable to do “any substantial gainful activity” for a continued or indefinite duration due to a physical or mental condition, and a physician must certify the severity of the condition.
Military Service
Members of the military reserves in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Guard, or Public Health Service may be exempt from the tax penalty if they were ordered or called to active duty after Sept. 11, 2001, and in duty for at least 180 days. The distribution must be taken during the active-duty period in order to avoid the 10% early withdrawal penalty.
An Inherited IRA
If you inherit a traditional IRA, you can take penalty-free withdrawals, even before age 59 ½. However, you will need to pay income tax on each distribution. If the original owner of the IRA account passed away after Jan. 1, 2020, you will be obligated to withdraw all assets from the inherited IRA within 10 years of the IRA owner’s death. The exception to this is if you are the surviving spouse or minor child of the original account owner, or if you are disabled, chronically ill, or up to 10 years younger than the original account owner.
For more information on individual tax planning, click here.
by Daniel Kittell | Estate / Trust Tax - Individual, Estate Planning - Individual, News, Tax Planning - Individual, Tax Preparation - Individual
You have several options when you inherit an IRA, so it’s no wonder that most people on the receiving end have questions about taking distributions, tax implications, and incorporating the inheritance into their existing financial plan. For starters, it helps to distinguish if you’ve inherited the IRA from a spouse or someone else.
For spousal beneficiaries, you can roll over the inherited IRA into your existing IRA and the earnings will continue to grow tax-deferred. You won’t have to start taking required minimum distributions (based on life expectancy) until you reach age 70 ½, but you’ll pay a 10% early-withdrawal penalty for funds you take from the account before age 59 ½.
Spousal beneficiaries are also entitled to any of the methods available to non-spousal beneficiaries, which include:
- Lump-sum payment: when you’re taking the money from an inherited traditional IRA, you won’t be charged a 10% early withdrawal penalty, even if you’re under age 59 ½, though you will still have to pay taxes on the money.
- Five-year distribution plan: there are no required minimum distributions, but all the money will need to be withdrawn from the account by the end of five years.
- Life expectancy method: if the original owner was older than the beneficiary, the beneficiary can use their own age and the IRS Single Life Expectancy Table to calculate how much they’re required to withdraw from the account each year (failure to take out the minimum requirement will result in a 50% penalty on the amount that was not withdrawn on time).
It’s important to note that non-spousal beneficiaries aren’t permitted to roll an inherited IRA into an existing IRA, and they must begin withdrawing assets no later than December 31 of the year after the account holder passed away.
Roth IRAs can usually be inherited tax-free, but you can’t keep the funds in the account forever. Non-spousal beneficiaries have to take annual distribution from the account based on their life expectancy (using IRS guidelines), starting the year after the original IRA owner dies, while spouses have the option of rolling a Roth IRA into their own account. Another option is to withdraw all of the money in the account within five years.
If you are in a similar situation and have questions about an inherited IRA, please feel free to contact me via email at [email protected].
