by Daniel Kittell | Accounting News, News, Newsletter, Retirement, Retirement Savings, Tax Planning - Individual
As markets continue to experience turbulence driven by renewed tariffs, trade tensions, and global uncertainty, you might be rethinking how you save for retirement. One increasingly popular strategy is converting traditional retirement savings into Roth accounts. Although this approach isn’t suitable for everyone, periods of market decline may offer a more financially favorable window to consider such a move. Read on as we discuss this retirement strategy.
Market Volatility Is Reshaping Retirement Strategies
The stock market has been unpredictable lately. Factors like rising interest rates, inflation, and new trade tensions—especially related to tariffs between the U.S. and other countries—have caused ups and downs in investment values. This kind of economic uncertainty can generate doubt about traditional retirement savings plans.
As a result, more people are looking for ways to take advantage of the current market conditions. One popular strategy is to convert traditional retirement savings to a Roth IRA. Doing a Roth IRA conversion when the market is down can help you save on taxes in the future and make the most of a tough market situation.
What Is a Roth IRA Conversion?
A Roth IRA conversion means moving money from a tax-deferred account—like a Traditional IRA or 401(k)—into a Roth IRA. When you do this, you’ll owe regular income taxes on the converted amount for that year. Once in the Roth IRA, your investments can grow without being taxed, and you won’t pay taxes on eligible withdrawals during retirement.
Unlike traditional retirement accounts, Roth IRAs don’t require you to take minimum distributions (RMDs) each year, giving you more control over your money and tax planning later in life.
Why Market Downturns Make Roth Conversions Attractive
When the stock market drops, the value of your retirement investments often goes down too. While that might feel discouraging, it can actually be a smart time to consider a Roth IRA conversion.
Here’s why: when you move money from a Traditional IRA or 401(k) into a Roth IRA, you have to pay taxes on the amount you convert. If your investments are temporarily worth less because of the market downturn, you’ll pay taxes on a smaller amount. Then, when the market recovers, your investments can grow tax-free inside the Roth account.
For example, let’s say your retirement portfolio is worth $100,000, but a market drop brings it down to $80,000. If you convert while the account is lower, you’ll pay taxes on $80,000 instead of $100,000. Later, when the value grows back, you won’t owe taxes on that growth.
It’s a way to turn short-term losses into long-term gains—especially if you believe your investments will recover and grow over time.
Key Considerations Before Converting
While a Roth IRA conversion can be a smart move, it’s not always the right choice for everyone. Several factors should be evaluated before making a decision:
- Current vs. Future Tax Bracket
If you expect to be in a higher tax bracket later in life—either due to RMDs, Social Security benefits, or changes in tax law—converting now at a lower tax rate can be beneficial. On the other hand, if you anticipate a lower income in retirement, the upfront tax cost may outweigh the benefits.
- Ability to Pay the Taxes
Ideally, you should pay the conversion taxes using funds outside of your retirement account. This lets you keep your retirement savings intact and growing tax-free. Using your IRA or 401(k) to pay taxes could reduce your future retirement income and may even result in penalties if you’re under 59½.
- Long-Term Time Horizon
A Roth conversion generally works best when your money can stay invested for many years. This gives your investments time to grow without tax. Because of this, it’s usually more effective for younger savers or anyone who doesn’t need to tap into their funds for at least 10-15 years.
Is Now the Right Time?
With the current ups and downs in the market, this could be a smart time to consider moving funds into a Roth IRA. If your investments have temporarily dropped in value, converting now might reduce the taxes you’ll owe and allow more room for tax-free growth later.
That said, retirement decisions depend on your unique situation. Speaking with a financial planner or tax expert can help you weigh the pros and cons and decide if a Roth conversion supports your long-term financial strategy.
by Stephen Reed | Accounting News, News, Newsletter, Retirement, Retirement Savings, Tax Planning - Individual
Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) are mandatory withdrawals from certain retirement accounts. They can significantly impact your tax burden and overall financial well-being. In 2024, changes introduced by the Secure 2.0 Act have increased the minimum age for RMDs, potentially leading to the highest RMDs in history. Here’s what retirees need to know about these new regulations and how they will affect your retirement strategy.
What Are Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)?
RMDs are the minimum amounts that retirees must withdraw annually from tax-deferred retirement accounts such as 401(k)s, traditional IRAs, and 403(b)s once they reach a certain age. These distributions are designed to ensure that retirees eventually pay taxes on the funds they have been deferring throughout their working lives.
The Secure 2.0 Act Raised RMD Age
When the Secure 2.0 Act was passed in 2022, the age at which retirees must begin taking RMDs was raised from 72 to 73, granting more flexibility and time for retirement savings to grow. This change applies to retirees turning 73 in 2024 and beyond, offering an additional year of tax deferral before RMDs are required.
However, this delay could result in more significant distributions when retirees finally begin taking RMDs, especially if their accounts continue to grow. (Retirees who turn 73 in 2024 must take their first RMD by April 1, 2025.) Larger account balances combined with higher RMD percentages as retirees age could result in retirees facing the largest RMDs ever, especially with stock market gains in recent years.
Why 2024 RMDs Could Be the Highest Ever
The combination of tax-deferred growth, the higher RMD age, and inflation adjustments could make 2024 a challenging year for retirees facing their first RMDs. Because retirees must withdraw a specific percentage of their account balance, individuals with growing portfolios may end up withdrawing and facing taxes on larger amounts. This can push some retirees into higher tax brackets, which could lead to a reduction in overall retirement income.
Key Factors for Retirees to Consider
As you approach your RMD age, there are several important factors to keep in mind that can significantly impact your tax planning. Understanding these key points will help you make informed decisions and avoid common pitfalls related to RMDs.
- RMDs Are Taxed as Ordinary Income
When you take an RMD, it is taxed as ordinary income, meaning it is added to your other taxable income for the year. This can impact your tax liability, particularly if your RMD pushes you into a higher tax bracket. Careful tax planning is essential to minimize the impact of RMDs on your overall income.
- Failure to Meet RMD Deadlines Could Result in Financial Penalties
One of the most critical things retirees need to remember is that failure to take RMDs by the required deadline (typically December 31) can result in significant penalties. The current penalty for missing an RMD is 25% of the amount that should have been withdrawn. This penalty can often be reduced to 10% if the missed RMD is corrected within two years, but it’s still a costly mistake you’ll want to avoid.
- There’s No Escaping RMDs
Once you reach the RMD age, you must take these distributions from your tax-deferred accounts. Even if you don’t need the money, you are required by law to withdraw the minimum amount. Failure to do so will result in penalties, and delaying the withdrawal will not eliminate the tax liability.
For retirees who don’t need the extra income, reinvesting the distribution into a taxable account may be a good option to keep the money working for you, but the taxes will still need to be paid.
- RMDs Are Not Required in Roth IRAs
A strategy to possibly minimize the impact of RMDs is to utilize a Roth IRA. Unlike traditional IRAs or 401(k)s, Roth IRAs do not require RMDs during the account holder’s lifetime. Since contributions to Roth IRAs are made with after-tax dollars, the growth and withdrawals from these accounts are tax-free, providing more flexibility in retirement income planning. The one caveat to this applies to inherited Roth IRAs. If you’re the benefactor of someone else’s Roth IRA, you must take RMDs.
by Daniel Kittell | Accounting News, News, Newsletter
Investing in a 529 plan – typically regarded as the best way to save for a child’s college education – has become a more attractive savings vehicle thanks to a new federal law going into effect this year. Read on to learn more about the change affecting 529 plans.
What is a 529 Plan?
A 529 college savings plan is a state-sponsored investment account that enables you to save money for a beneficiary and pay for education expenses. These plans offer tax-free earnings and withdrawals for tuition and other qualified higher education expenses (QHEEs) such as tuition, supplies, and room and board. Additionally, due to the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, the funds in a 529 plan can also be used for elementary or high school tuition for private or religious schools (with QHEEs capped at $10,000 per year).
However, 529 plans have always had a limitation worth considering: the money in a 529 plan could only be used for education. Withdrawing the funds for other purposes would draw penalties, so if you set up a 529 plan and your child ends up not needing it – whether they attend public school, get a full scholarship to college, or decide against a college path – accessing the funds without accruing penalties typically necessitated changing the beneficiary on the plan to someone else, until now.
How are 529s Changing?
Previously, withdrawals from a 529 plan for non-QHEEs incurred a 10% federal tax on the earnings portion of the withdrawal, in addition to potential state taxes. However, as of January 1 of this year, unused funds from a 529 plan can be rolled over into a Roth IRA account tax-free.
Rules for Rollovers
There are still some rules and restrictions that are important to know.
- Rollovers are not allowed until a 529 plan has been open for at least 15 years
- Funds converted from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA must have been in the account for at least five years
- A maximum amount of $35,000 can be rolled over from a 529 plan to a beneficiary’s Roth IRA
- Annual Roth IRA contribution limits apply to rollovers (the contribution limit in 2024 is $7,000)
- Conversions are limited to the beneficiary’s Roth IRA, meaning parents cannot convert the unused funds of a 529 plan in their child’s name back into their own retirement account
No Additional IRA Investments During Transfer Years
Because the annual contribution limit is restricted to $7,000, if you transfer the full $7,000 from a 529 plan to a Roth IRA, the account holder will be unable to contribute additional funds through another traditional IRA or Roth IRA within that year because the annual limits are already being monopolized by the 529 to Roth IRA conversions each year. Ideally, the beneficiary also has a tax-advantaged retirement account like a 401(k) through an employer.
Keep in mind that the 15-year minimum for an account means that you’ll need to think about the long game. If you’re interested in starting a 529 plan for your child, you might think about establishing it with a small amount even before you’re ready to begin contributing to it.
by Jean Miller | Accounting News, News, Newsletter, Retirement, Retirement Savings
At some point in your employment journey, you’re going to find yourself at a crossroads – whether you voluntarily quit a job for a new position or face an unexpected layoff. Amidst the emotional and logistical challenges of these changes, one crucial aspect that requires attention is your 401(k) plan with your former employer. Here’s how to manage your 401(k) plan when employment changes.
Assess Your Options
When you leave your current job, you need to evaluate your available options for your 401(k). Typically, these are your main options:
- Leave it be: In some cases, leaving your 401(k) with your former employer may be a viable option, especially if you’re content with the plan’s performance and fees. This option is often convenient and allows you to maintain the tax-advantaged status of your retirement savings. However, you won’t be able to make additional contributions, and you’ll need to manage the account independently.
- Roll it over into your new employer’s plan: If your new employer offers a 401(k) plan and allows rollovers, transferring your 401(k) to your new employer’s plan would allow you to consolidate your retirement savings, making it easier to manage. Be sure to research the fees and investment options of the new plan before making a decision.
- Roll it over into an Individual Retirement Account (IRA): Transferring your 401(k) funds to an IRA provides more control over your investments and may offer a broader range of investment options compared to employer-sponsored plans. IRAs are not tied to your employer, offering flexibility and portability. Be mindful of fees and investment choices when selecting an IRA provider.
- Cash Out: While it’s possible to cash out your 401(k) when you leave a job, it’s generally not advisable. Cashing out comes with tax consequences, including penalties for early withdrawal if you’re under 59 ½. Additionally, you’ll miss out on the potential long-term growth of your investments.
- Convert it to a Roth IRA: If you’re willing to pay taxes upfront, you can convert your traditional 401(k) into a Roth IRA. You will pay income taxes on the amount converted, but qualified withdrawals in retirement are tax-free. This option may be beneficial if you expect to be in a higher tax bracket in the future.
Understand Tax Implications
When contemplating what to do with your 401(k), it’s important to understand the tax implications that could be triggered. Cashing out, as mentioned, may trigger taxes and penalties. On the other hand, transferring your funds without a direct rollover may result in mandatory withholding. To avoid unexpected tax bills, consider consulting with a financial advisor who can offer guidance based on your personal situation.
Stay Informed About Deadlines
The different options available for your 401(k) are all subject to different deadlines. Missing these key deadlines could limit your choices. Some plans may require you to take action within a certain timeframe, so it’s imperative to stay informed about these deadlines to make the most informed decision possible.
Seek Financial Advice
Navigating the management of a 401(k) plan on top of a job transition can be stressful. A financial advisor will be able to offer valuable insights tailored to your specific circumstances. They can help you weigh the pros and cons of each option and guide you toward a move that aligns with your long-term financial goals.
by Jean Miller | Accounting News, News, Tax, Tax Planning, Tax Planning - Individual
Americans are no strangers to seeking out ways to legally minimize their tax burdens. Fortunately, there are several financial tools available that can help taxpayers slash their tax liability. In this article, we explore how these tools help you optimize your tax planning and maximize tax savings.
Pre-Tax Contributions to Retirement Plans
One of the most effective ways to reduce taxable income while securing your financial future at the same time is through pre-tax contributions to retirement plans. Traditional Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) and employer-sponsored 401(k)s allow taxpayers to contribute a portion of their income before it’s adjusted for taxes. Subsequently, your taxable income decreases, which lowers your immediate tax liability. Furthermore, you can defer taxes on these contributions until you withdraw the funds during retirement, allowing your investments to grow tax-deferred over the years.
Roth IRAs for Tax-Free Growth
Roth IRA contributions are made with after-tax dollars, meaning they do not reduce your taxable income in the year they are made. However, the growth and withdrawals from a Roth IRA are generally tax-free during retirement. This is different from a traditional IRA, which offers upfront tax benefits. Choosing between the two depends on individual circumstances and your current and projected future tax brackets.
Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
HSAs are a tax-advantaged savings option for individuals with high-deductible health insurance plans. Contributions to HSAs are tax-deductible, and qualified medical expenses can be withdrawn tax-free. They also have no “use-it-or-lose-it” rule, meaning the funds can roll over from year to year. This makes an HSA an excellent long-term savings and tax-reduction tool. Additionally, after age 65, if the funds are used for non-medical expenses, they can be treated similarly to a traditional IRA, subject to regular income tax but without any penalty.
Tax Credits
Tax credits provide a dollar-for-dollar minimization in tax liability, making them a highly valuable tool for taxpayers. Some common tax credits include the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Child Tax Credit, and education-related credits like the Lifetime Learning Credit and the American Opportunity Credit. Qualification and the amount of tax credits differ based on aspects such as income, family size, and educational expenses. Taking advantage of these credits can substantially shrink your tax bill or even result in a refund.
Charitable Contributions
Contributions to eligible charities can be itemized deductions, reducing taxable income. In order to claim the deduction, make sure the charity qualifies under the IRS guidelines, and keep detailed records of your donations. You can also donate appreciated assets, such as stocks or real estate to avoid capital gains and reap additional tax advantages.
Flexible Spending Accounts
Through an employer-sponsored FSA, employees can set aside pre-tax dollars for qualified medical expenses and dependent care expenses. This reduces taxable income and therefor reduces tax liability. Note that it’s important to plan FSA contributions thoughtfully. Unlike an HSA account, any unused funds remaining in an FSA by the end of the year may be forfeited.
